In industry, visual inspection is one of the most critical phases to guarantee the quality and traceability of production processes.
Traditionally, it has been done with 2D machine vision cameras, but the emergence of 3D technology using laser profilometers is transforming the standards of accuracy and speed.
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Advantages of 3D inspection compared to conventional vision cameras.
- Complete dimensional measurements: In addition to the grayscale information from 2D cameras, 3D inspection adds height data, allowing for highly reliable measurement of parameters such as width, volume, flatness, or angles.
- Stability on complex surfaces: “height-based imaging” allows for the detection of irregularities regardless of the object’s color, markings, or patterns.
- All-in-one inspection: a single sensor allows for dimensional control, detection of appearance defects, and differentiation of materials.
- High speed and precision: equipment such as the Keyence LJ-S8000 profilometer achieves captures in just 0.2 seconds and a repeatability of 0.3 µm.
Photo: 3D laser profilometer simulation. Source: www.keyence.com
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Limitations of 3D inspection
- Higher initial cost than conventional machine vision solutions.
- It requires specialized training to make the most of the large amount of data generated.
- More complex integration into existing lines, although more and more manufacturers are simplifying the installation.
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Case study: inspection of VIN markings in the automotive industry
At Gurpea we have recently incorporated a 3D profilometer into a project in the automotive sector for the verification of the VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) marking in which.
• The marking is inspected while the vehicle is in motion on the production line.
• It is performed in a dimly lit area, which rules out conventional solutions based on 2D cameras.
• The required accuracy is critical, since the VIN is an essential element for the traceability and legality of the vehicle.
Photo: Gurpea team training on a 3D laser profilometer, with the help of Keyence and Bit Makers
With the 3D profilometer, we have achieved a reliable, fast and fully automated inspection, capable of guaranteeing 100% online control.
In conclusion, 3D inspection does not replace 2D vision cameras in all cases, but it does provide an alternative solution where accuracy, surface complexity, or processing speed require it.
